Azad Kashmir faces several significant health challenges, shaped by its unique geography, socio-economic conditions, and healthcare infrastructure. Here are the main health conditions prevalent in the region:
1. Infectious Diseases
Hepatitis: Hepatitis B and C are prevalent in Azad Kashmir, with inadequate screening and vaccination contributing to the spread.
Tuberculosis (TB): TB remains a major health concern, with efforts being made to improve detection and treatment.
Malaria and Dengue: These vector-borne diseases see periodic outbreaks, particularly during the monsoon season.
2. Respiratory Diseases
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Due to factors like indoor air pollution from biomass fuel use, smoking, and environmental pollution, COPD is common.
Asthma: Increasing in prevalence, particularly in urban areas where pollution levels are higher.
3. Non-Communicable Diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases: Hypertension, coronary artery disease, and stroke are on the rise, attributed to lifestyle changes, dietary habits, and limited access to healthcare.
Diabetes: Type 2 diabetes is becoming increasingly common due to sedentary lifestyles and dietary changes.
4. Maternal and Child Health
Maternal Mortality: High rates of maternal mortality are a significant concern, driven by limited access to skilled birth attendants and emergency obstetric care.
Infant Mortality: Infant mortality rates are also high, with common causes including neonatal infections, birth asphyxia, and low birth weight.
5. Cancer
Cancers: Various cancers are prevalent, with urinary bladder cancer being notably high. Late diagnosis and lack of advanced treatment facilities contribute to poor outcomes.
6. Mental Health
Depression and Anxiety: Mental health issues such as depression and anxiety are under-reported and under-treated due to social stigma and limited mental health services.
7. Nutritional Deficiencies
Malnutrition: Both undernutrition and overnutrition are issues, with undernutrition affecting children and pregnant women, while overnutrition and obesity are rising in urban populations.
Addressing Health Challenges
Efforts to address these health conditions include improving healthcare infrastructure, increasing access to essential medicines and services, enhancing health education and preventive measures, and strengthening the healthcare workforce. International aid and governmental initiatives are also crucial in tackling these health challenges in Azad Kashmir.
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